斷

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See also: 断
斷 U+65B7, 斷
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-65B7
← 斶
[U+65B6] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 斸 →
[U+65B8]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

斷 (Kangxi radical 69, 斤+14, 18 strokes, cangjie input 女戈竹一中 (VIHML), four-corner 22721, composition ⿰㡭斤)

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 480, character 35
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13611
  • Dae Jaweon: page 841, character 22
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2028, character 13
  • Unihan data for U+65B7

Chinese[edit]

trad. 斷
simp. 断
alternative forms 𣃔

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 斷
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 𢇍 (“to cut”) + 斤 (“axe”).

Before the Qin dynasty, this character was written as 𠸿 or 𠜷. According to Shuowen, the left component is an old form of 叀.

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dan (“cut”).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note:
  • tyun5 - vernacular;
  • dyun6 - literary.
Note:
  • dōng - vernacular (“to snap; to cut off”);
  • duâng - literary (“to cut off”).
Note:
  • tn̄g/tňg/tūiⁿ - vernacular (“to snap; to cut off”);
  • toān/toǎn - literary.
Note:
  • deng6 - vernacular;
  • duang6/duêng6 - literary.
Rime
Character 斷 斷
Reading # 2/3 1/3
Initial (聲) 定 (7) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 桓 (62) 桓 (62)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed Closed
Division (等) I I
Fanqie 徒管切 都管切
Baxter dwanX twanX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/duɑnX/ /tuɑnX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/dʷɑnX/ /tʷɑnX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/duɑnX/ /tuɑnX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/dwanX/ /twanX/
Li
Rong 		/duɑnX/ /tuɑnX/
Wang
Li 		/duɑnX/ /tuɑnX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/dʱuɑnX/ /tuɑnX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		duàn duǎn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		dyun6 dyun2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 斷 斷
Reading # 1/3 2/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		duàn duàn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ dwanX › ‹ twanX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*N-tˁo[n]ʔ/ /*tˁo[n]ʔ/
English be cut in two cut in two

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 斷 斷
Reading # 3/3 1/3
No. 2540 2538
Phonetic
component 		斷 斷
Rime
group 		元 元
Rime
subdivision 		3 3
Corresponding
MC rime 		斷 短
Old
Chinese 		/*doːnʔ/ /*toːnʔ/

Definitions[edit]

斷

  1. to break; to snap; to cut
    他說他的手臂斷了。 [MSC, trad.]
    他说他的手臂断了。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā shuō tā de shǒubì duàn le. [Pinyin]
    He said that he'd broken his arm.
    枝樹枝斷咗。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    枝树枝断咗。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    zi1 syu6 zi1 tyun5 zo2. [Jyutping]
    A tree branch broke.
  2. to cut off; to sever; to interrupt
    通話斷了。／通话断了。  ―  Tōnghuà duàn le.  ―  The line has gone dead.
    斷電／断电  ―  duàndiàn  ―  to experience a power outage
    斷交／断交  ―  duànjiāo  ―  to sever ties
  3. to give up; to abstain from; to quit
    斷煙／断烟  ―  duàn yān  ―  to quit smoking
    在孩子三個月大時，她給孩子斷了奶，並開始喂奶粉。 [MSC, trad.]
    在孩子三个月大时，她给孩子断了奶，并开始喂奶粉。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zài háizǐ sān ge yuè dà shí, tā gěi háizǐ duàn le nǎi, bìng kāishǐ wèi nǎifěn. [Pinyin]
    She weaned her baby when he was 3 months old and started him on powdered milk.
  4. (Hokkien) to not have; to be without; there is not

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Note: dyun6 - variant used in compounds.
Rime
Character 斷
Reading # 3/3
Initial (聲) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 桓 (62)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 丁貫切
Baxter twanH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tuɑnH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tʷɑnH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tuɑnH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/twanH/
Li
Rong 		/tuɑnH/
Wang
Li 		/tuɑnH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/tuɑnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		duàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		dyun3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 斷
Reading # 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		duàn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ twanH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tˁo[n]ʔ-s/
English cut off; decide

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 斷
Reading # 2/3
No. 2539
Phonetic
component 		斷
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		3
Corresponding
MC rime 		鍛
Old
Chinese 		/*toːns/

Definitions[edit]

斷

  1. to judge; to decide; to determine; to settle
    判斷／判断  ―  pànduàn  ―  to decide, to determine
    這個案子很難斷。 [MSC, trad.]
    这个案子很难断。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè ge ànzi hěn nán duàn. [Pinyin]
    It is hard to judge this case.
  2. (chiefly in the negative) absolutely; definitely; decidedly
  3. (Cantonese) to count in a certain unit
    啲菜係斷斤計定斷磅計㗎？ [Cantonese, trad.]
    啲菜系断斤计定断磅计㗎？ [Cantonese, simp.]
    di1 coi3 hai6 dyun3 gan1 gai3 ding6 dyun3 bong6 gai3 gaa3? [Jyutping]
    Are the vegetable's prices calculated based on catties or pounds?
  4. 29th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "decisiveness" (𝌢)

Compounds[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai

断

Kyūjitai

斷

Kanji[edit]

斷

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 断)

  1. sever
  2. cut off
  3. interrupt

Readings[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

斷 (eumhun 끊을 단 (kkeuneul dan))

  1. Hanja form? of 단 (“sever”).
  2. Hanja form? of 단 (“cut off”).
  3. Hanja form? of 단 (“interrupt”).

Compounds[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

斷: Hán Nôm readings: đoán, đoạn

  1. chữ Hán form of đoán (“to guess; to predict; to surmise; to divine”).
  2. chữ Hán form of đoạn (“painful; broken off; to corner”).
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